![]() ![]() Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev said: "We say jokingly that we communicate in 'Runglish,' a mixture of Russian and English languages, so that when we are short of words in one language we can use the other, because all the crew members speak both languages well." Ever since, NASA has begun listing Runglish as one of the on-board languages. The term "Runglish" was popularized by Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev in 2000, describing the way Russian and American cosmonauts spoke on the International Space Station. NASA ISS crew: Soyuz Commander Yuri Gidzenko (left), Commander Bill Shepherd (center), and Flight Engineer Sergei Krikalev (right) The following are the examples of the Runglish words that are widely used on daily basis in Brighton Beach: Brighton Beach, New York, has a large Russian-speaking population of immigrants from Ukraine and Russia. The arrival of Russian-speaking immigrants helped to gradually develop a former disadvantaged neighbourhood into a powerful community with its own infrastructure, lifestyle and language. Soon, Brighton Beach became a home for many immigrants from all over the world, particularly from the USSR. For a long time, Brighton Beach was considered to be poor, inaccessible and criminal. However, as the economic crisis progressed, luxurious life in the southern part of Brooklyn came to an end, and poor immigrants began populating it instead of wealthy European tourists. ![]() Before the Great Depression, Brighton Beach used to be a fashionable destination. Brighton Beach, a small area in New York, is rightfully considered the capital of "Russian English". Runglish is particularly popular among the Russian-speaking community in Brighton Beach in New York. In the United States, Runglish is used in a number of Russian communities. Additionally important was the expansion of international contacts, the creation of partnerships and alliances in which English was the main language of communication, state computerization, and, most importantly, the introduction of the Internet. The exposure of English to Russian speech and literature continued with the fall of the Soviet Union, as the Iron Curtain had been eliminated, which opened a possibility for international tourism and communication. The Imperial Russian religious prosecutions ( pogroms),.The main periods of the immigration are the following: One of the multiple causes for the blending of the two languages is the increased immigration of Russian speaking communities to the English-speaking parts of the world, and specifically the United States. The appearance of Runglish has been caused by a number of social, scientific and political factors from the 19th to 21st centuries. This number mainly consists of Russian-speaking immigrants and their descendants. Runglish is considered to be used and spoken by at least 130 million people. Brighton Beach has been nicknamed Little Odessa due to its population of Russian-speaking immigrants from Ukraine and Russia. Runglish is a neologism used to represent at least two different combinations of Russian and English: pidgin and informal latinizations of the Cyrillic alphabet.Īlthough less widespread than other pidgins and creoles, such as Tok Pisin, Runglish is spoken in a number of English-Russian communities, such as in Southern Australia and most notably the Russian-speaking community of Brighton Beach in Brooklyn, New York. ![]() Runglish is formed by adaptation of English phrases and words into Russian-style by adding affixes, with the purpose of using it in everyday communication. The earliest of these portmanteau words is Russlish, dating from 1971. This is common among Russian speakers who speak English as a second language, and it is mainly spoken in post-Soviet States. Runglish, Ruslish, Russlish ( Russian: рунглиш, руслиш, русслиш), or Russian English, is a term describing a language born out of a mixture of the English and Russian languages. ![]()
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